理解与希望的循环: 儿童和青少年情绪健康的精神分析视角

2020精神精神分析大会暨常州市青少年心理健康成长发展论坛
主讲人
肯尼斯•巴里斯博士
临床心理学教授
威尔康奈尔医学院
纽约,美国

在讲座中，我将从儿童情绪和情绪需求当代理解的角度，介绍儿童和青少年情绪健康和病理学的精神分析理论。

最佳情绪发展包含体验和分享积极情绪的能力，特别是兴趣、自豪、喜悦和希望的感觉。而问题儿童就在于其常常处于沮丧的情绪体验中。目前的表现则是他们不再期望被听到或被理解。当他们想象自己的未来时，也并不期望在生活的重要方面取得成功。大多数情况下，他们的沮丧是在家庭关系不断恶化的背景下形成的——父母经常批评、惩罚或缺乏理解的恶性循环，故而孩子的蔑视、怨恨和退缩不断累积。

成功的治疗阻止了这一恶性循环过程。在儿童和青少年心理动力学治疗中，我们开始将恶性循环转变为理解和希望的良性循环。随着时间的推移，在我们实施治疗的儿童和青少年患者身上强化了一种更多鼓励、更少批评的内心对话，并且使他们对生活中可能发生的事情产生新的理解。
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Cycles of Understanding and Hope: A Psychoanalytic Perspective on Emotional Health in Childhood and Adolescence 

Kenneth Barish, Ph.D.
Clinical Professor of Psychology
Weill Cornell Medical College
New York, USA

In this lecture, I will present a psychoanalytic theory of emotional health and pathology in childhood and adolescence, based on a contemporary understanding of children’s emotions and emotional needs.  
Optimal emotional development involves the capacity to experience and share positive emotions, especially feelings of interest, pride, joy, and hope. Troubled children, however, have become discouraged.  In the present, they do not expect to be heard or understood.  As they imagine their futures, they do not expect to succeed in important areas of their lives.  Most often, their discouragement has developed in the context of on-going pathogenic family relationships - vicious cycles of frequent criticism, punishment, or lack of understanding on the part of parents and increasing defiance, resentment, and withdrawal on the part of children.  
Successful therapy arrests this malignant process. In psychodynamic child and adolescent therapy, we begin to turn vicious cycles into positive cycles of understanding and hope.  Over time, therapy strengthens in our child and adolescent patients a more encouraging, less critical inner dialogue and a new sense of what is possible in their lives.